Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lift01:23

Lift

236
Lift is a fundamental aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the direction of airflow. It plays a central role in achieving and sustaining flight and in stabilizing various vehicles. Lift primarily originates from pressure differences created across surfaces, such as an airfoil. A lower pressure region forms above the wing, while a higher pressure region forms below it, generating an upward force. This differential results from the shape and orientation of the airfoil, enabling the wing...
236
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

20.0K
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
20.0K
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

18.5K
Overview
18.5K
Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

209
When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
209
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

576
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
576
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

2.8K
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions Due to COVID-19: Initial Results From CovidMIP.

Geophysical research letters·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

8.8K

Estimated cloud-top entrainment index explains positive low-cloud-cover feedback.

Tsuyoshi Koshiro1, Hideaki Kawai1, Akira T Noda2

  • 1Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Subtropical marine low cloud cover (LCC) changes under global warming are clarified using the new estimated cloud-top entrainment index (ECTEI). This index consistently tracks LCC in warmer climates, resolving previous model uncertainties.

Keywords:
climate changeclimate modelingcloud feedbacklow cloud cover

More Related Videos

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

8.8K
Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands
09:04

Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands

Published on: August 29, 2019

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

8.8K
Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

8.8K
Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands
09:04

Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands

Published on: August 29, 2019

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Global Warming Research

Background:

  • Subtropical marine low cloud cover (LCC) response to global warming remains a key climate change uncertainty.
  • Estimated Inversion Strength (EIS) predicts LCC but fails in warming scenarios, showing LCC decreases despite increasing EIS in global climate models (GCMs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the Estimated Cloud-Top Entrainment Index (ECTEI) as a reliable predictor of subtropical marine LCC changes under global warming.
  • To resolve the discrepancy between EIS and LCC changes in GCMs during warming.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized state-of-the-art Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate climate responses.
  • Applied the newly proposed Estimated Cloud-Top Entrainment Index (ECTEI) to analyze LCC feedback mechanisms.
  • Investigated patterned sea surface temperature (SST) warming scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The ECTEI consistently decreases with LCC in warmer SST climates, unlike EIS.
  • ECTEI constrains subtropical marine LCC feedback to -0.41 ± 0.28% K⁻¹ (90% CI), indicating a virtually certain positive feedback.
  • ECTEI provides a physical explanation for heuristic LCC models based on EIS and SST changes, linking them to cloud-top entrainment.

Conclusions:

  • The ECTEI is a robust index for predicting subtropical marine LCC changes in response to global warming.
  • The study confirms a virtually certain positive feedback loop between warming and LCC, improving climate model reliability.
  • Understanding cloud-top entrainment processes is crucial for accurately projecting future climate change.