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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Temporal Tracking of Cell Cycle Progression Using Flow Cytometry without the Need for Synchronization
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Time-keeping and decision-making in the cell cycle.

John J Tyson1, Béla Novák2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.

Interface Focus
|July 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cells divide to pass on life, but pause division if DNA is damaged. Mathematical modeling reveals how cell cycle control mechanisms maintain genome integrity across generations.

Keywords:
bistable switchescell cycle checkpointscell cycle regulationcyclin-dependent kinaseslimit cyclesmathematical models

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cell division ensures life's continuity through cell growth, DNA replication, mitosis, and division.
  • The cell cycle, while periodic, functions more like a 'copy machine' than a precise 'clock', producing daughter cells as needed.
  • Cell cycle progression halts in response to DNA damage or mitotic spindle disruption, enabling repair and maintaining genome integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unravel the genetic and biochemical mechanisms governing eukaryotic cell cycle control.
  • To investigate the 'clock-like' regulation of mitosis-promoting factor and the 'switch-like' regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases.
  • To explore cell cycle regulation through mathematical modeling of molecular networks.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical studies of mitosis-promoting factor regulation in synchronized frog egg mitotic cycles.
  • Genetic studies of cyclin-dependent kinase regulation in yeast.
  • Mathematical modeling of complex molecular regulatory networks controlling the cell cycle.

Main Results:

  • Identified key regulatory mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression and checkpoints.
  • Demonstrated the interplay between 'clock' and 'switch' like behaviors in cell cycle control.
  • Provided insights into how cells make 'decisions' to exit and re-enter the cell cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical modeling of regulatory networks is crucial for understanding complex biological processes like cell cycle control.
  • Cell cycle regulation is essential for maintaining genomic integrity during cell division.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can reveal fundamental secrets of eukaryotic cell biology.