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The outbreak of monkeypox 2022: An overview.
Munawar Hraib1, Sarah Jouni1, Mhd Mustafa Albitar2
1Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|July 21, 2022
Summary
Monkeypox (MPX) is a viral zoonosis that spread globally in 2022. Early diagnosis and awareness of symptoms like lymphatic hyperplasia are crucial for managing this disease, as specific treatments are limited.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- The 2022 global outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) marked its emergence in non-endemic countries.
- Cases were initially concentrated among men who have sex with men, highlighting potential transmission routes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of the monkeypox virus (MPXV).
- To inform healthcare providers about MPX clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical and epidemiological data from the 2022 MPX outbreak.
- Discussion of diagnostic methods including genetic, phenotypic, and immunological assays.
- Analysis of current treatment and prevention strategies, including smallpox vaccination.
Main Results:
- MPXV is a zoonotic virus with human-to-human transmission via direct contact with lesions, body fluids, or contaminated objects.
- Non-specific early symptoms complicate diagnosis, though lymphatic hyperplasia is a key indicator.
- Diagnostic tests require specialized equipment, posing challenges in resource-limited settings.
Conclusions:
- Prompt identification of MPX cases is vital to prevent further spread.
- Physician awareness of travel history and compatible symptoms is essential for early detection.
- Smallpox vaccination is recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent or mitigate MPX.
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