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The Underlying Pathogenesis of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes: A Systematic Review.
Bartosz Szmyd1, Julia Sołek2, Maciej Błaszczyk1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|July 21, 2022
Summary
Neurovascular compression (NVC) requires more than just anatomical changes to cause symptoms. Nerve factors, brain changes, and biochemical alterations are crucial for understanding NVC pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Neurovascular compression (NVC) syndromes, including trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm, arise from cranial nerve compression.
- The precise mechanisms driving NVC symptoms remain incompletely understood, with current theories offering limited explanations.
Approach:
- A systematic review of 63 original English language papers from Pubmed and Web of Science databases was conducted.
- The review focused on identifying and analyzing proposed pathomechanisms underlying NVC.
Key Points:
- Anatomical and hemodynamic changes alone are insufficient to explain NVC symptoms.
- Coexisting factors include nerve-specific issues (demyelination, REZ modeling), nucleus hyperexcitability, and central nervous system changes.
- Inflammatory processes, proteomic, and biochemical alterations also play a significant role.
Conclusions:
- NVC pathophysiology is complex, involving a combination of vascular, neural, and central nervous system factors.
- Further research is essential to fully elucidate the mechanisms of symptomatic NVC.
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