Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy associated with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Zekiye Karaçam1, Damla Kizilca-Çakaloz1, Gizem Güneş-Öztürk1
1Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Insights
COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is linked to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. This includes higher rates of preterm birth, cesarean delivery, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions, with reported mortalities.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neonatology
Background:
- Pregnancy involves significant physiological changes that can alter susceptibility to infections.
- The impact of COVID-19 on maternal and infant health during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum requires thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.
- To synthesize existing evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, birth, and neonatal health.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Web of Science) from May 5-15, 2020.
- Inclusion of 54 studies reporting on maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19.
- Data extraction by two researchers, followed by meta-analysis and pooled analysis.
Main Results:
- Data from 517 pregnant women and 385 infants revealed significant adverse outcomes.
- Maternal complications included 18% preterm labor and 77% cesarean deliveries.
- Infant complications included 19% low birth weight, 14% fetal distress, and 24% NICU admissions.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is associated with negative maternal and infant outcomes.
- The findings highlight increased risks for preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and adverse neonatal conditions.
- Reported mortalities underscore the severity of COVID-19 during pregnancy.
Introduction:
This study explored maternal and infant outcomes in the periods of pregnancy, birth and the postpartum, in women with COVID-19.
Methods:
After PROSPERO registration (CRD42020191106), scanning for the studies was carried out over the period 5-15 May 2020 in the PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO and Web of Science databases with the search string: ['COVID-19' AND ('pregnancy' OR 'pregnant' OR 'maternal outcomes' OR 'infant outcomes' OR 'fetal outcomes' OR 'birth')]. Studies reporting maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 were included. Data were extracted independently by two researchers and combined with meta-analysis and pooled analysis.
Results:
The 54 studies included in this analysis contained data on 517 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 and 385 infants. Of the pregnant women, 18% had gone into preterm labor and 77% had given birth by caesarean. Of the newborns, 19% had low birth weight, 14% had fetal distress, and 24% were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit. Nine maternal and eight baby mortalities were reported in the studies.
Conclusions:
The study revealed that COVID-19 in pregnant women appeared to be negative maternal and infant outcomes, with mortalities as well.
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