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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of an Automated Camera-Based System for Real-Time Blast Overpressure Monitoring and TBI Risk Assessment in Military Training
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Published on: December 6, 2024

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Warfighter Resilience.

Nikki E Barczak-Scarboro, Wesley R Cole, J D DeFreese

    Journal of Special Operations Medicine : a Peer Reviewed Journal for SOF Medical Professionals
    |July 21, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Special Operations Forces (SOF) combat members entering their careers showed higher resilience than mid-career members. The Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89) may be a better measure for military resilience.

    Keywords:
    ego resiliencymilitaryreadiness

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychological resilience
    • Military psychology
    • Special Operations Forces (SOF)

    Background:

    • Resilience is crucial for military personnel, especially in high-stress environments like Special Operations Forces (SOF).
    • Understanding resilience levels and measurement tools is vital for supporting SOF combat Servicemembers.
    • Previous research has not fully explored the psychometric properties of various resilience scales within SOF populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To psychometrically evaluate three resilience assessments: Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25), and Responses to Stressful Experiences Scale (RSES short-form).
    • To describe the resilience levels among Special Operations Forces (SOF) combat Servicemembers.
    • To compare resilience scores between SOF members at different career stages.

    Main Methods:

    • Fifty-eight SOF combat Servicemembers were assessed, divided into career start (n=38) and mid-career (n=20) groups.
    • Participants self-reported their resilience, history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and total military service.
    • Psychometric properties of ER89, CD-RISC 25, and RSES short-form were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • All tested resilience metrics showed acceptable internal consistency.
    • Ceiling effects were observed in the CD-RISC and RSES scores, suggesting potential limitations.
    • Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89) scores were moderate on average and higher in SOF career start Servicemembers compared to mid-career Servicemembers.

    Conclusions:

    • The Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89) may be a more suitable metric for assessing resilience in military populations compared to CD-RISC and RSES.
    • SOF career start Servicemembers exhibited higher ER89 resilience, potentially indicating a protective effect of earlier career entry.
    • Longitudinal research is recommended to further understand the development and maintenance of resilience in SOF combat Servicemembers.