Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

35.8K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
35.8K
States of Water01:23

States of Water

52.3K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
52.3K
What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

39.4K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
39.4K
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

25.4K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.4K
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

120
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
120
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

2.7K
The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Powering Ganymede's dynamo with protracted core formation.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Little to no active faulting likely at Europa's seafloor today.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Titan's strong tidal dissipation precludes a subsurface ocean.

Nature·2025
Same author

Core metamorphism controls the dynamic habitability of mid-sized ocean worlds-The case of Ceres.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Thermodynamic Constraints on the Citric Acid Cycle and Related Reactions in Ocean World Interiors.

ACS earth & space chemistry·2025
Same author

Identifying signatures of past and present cryovolcanism on Europa.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

<i>Sargassum</i> Enrichment in Mesoscale Eddies of the Great Atlantic <i>Sargassum</i> Belt.

Geophysical research letters·2025
Same journal

Geostationary Satellites Total Ozone Observations: First Results on Ground-Based Networks Validation Efforts for TEMPO and GEMS.

Geophysical research letters·2025
Same journal

The Dayside Ionosphere of Mars as Controlled by the Interplay Between Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure and Crustal Magnetic Field Strength.

Geophysical research letters·2024
Same journal

Characterizing the Impacts of 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Using New York State Mesonet Data.

Geophysical research letters·2024
Same journal

Distilling the Evolving Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases to Large-Scale Low-Frequency Surface Ocean Changes Over the Past Century.

Geophysical research letters·2024
Same journal

Climate-Induced Saltwater Intrusion in 2100: Recharge-Driven Severity, Sea Level-Driven Prevalence.

Geophysical research letters·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
06:04

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

11.6K

A Metamorphic Origin for Europa's Ocean.

Mohit Melwani Daswani1, Steven D Vance1, Matthew J Mayne2

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA.

Geophysical Research Letters
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Europa

Keywords:
Europametamorphismocean worldsplanetary mineralogy and petrologythermodynamic modelingwater‐rock interaction

More Related Videos

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.6K
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
06:04

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

11.6K
Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.6K
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Europa's internal structure and ocean formation are key to its habitability.
  • Understanding volatile release is crucial for modeling Europa's ocean and atmosphere.
  • Previous models often relied on cometary impacts for ocean composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute the amounts and compositions of volatiles exsolved from Europa's interior.
  • To assess the potential for a carbonic ocean and early atmosphere generated internally.
  • To investigate the origin of endogenous chlorides observed on Europa's surface.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic modeling of devolatilization of accreted chondritic minerals.
  • Calculation of exsolved volatile amounts and compositions.
  • Analysis of solute behavior and mineral precipitation (gypsum) within Europa's ocean.

Main Results:

  • Internal volatile release could form a carbonic ocean and early atmosphere, negating the need for cometary water.
  • Sulfate () may be the most abundant solute, followed by chloride (), sodium (), and magnesium ().
  • Gypsum precipitation significantly alters the S/Cl ratio, explaining surface chloride observations and forming a substantial seafloor sedimentary layer.

Conclusions:

  • Europa's ocean and atmosphere may have formed primarily from internal processes.
  • The observed surface chlorides are consistent with internal volatile cycling and gypsum precipitation.
  • Internal volatile release provides a viable pathway for establishing a potentially habitable ocean on Europa.