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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

574
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

2.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
2.0K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

824
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
824
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

7.1K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
7.1K
Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems01:19

Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

2.9K
A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state. 
Consider a cyclic process that returns to its initial state, undergoing a four-step process. The heat transfer along each...
2.9K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

1.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
1.1K

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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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The Diurnal Path to Persistent Convective Self-Aggregation.

Gorm G Jensen1, Romain Fiévet1, Jan O Haerter1,2,3

  • 1Niels Bohr Institute Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark.

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|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The diurnal cycle enables convective self-aggregation (CSA) in tropical thunderstorms at fine resolutions. Finer resolutions accelerate CSA by enhancing cold pools and dry patches, clarifying tropical cloud clustering.

Keywords:
cloudsconvectiondiurnalmesoscaleself‐aggregation

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Tropical thunderstorm clustering impacts Earth's radiative balance.
  • Convective self-aggregation (CSA) models tropical thunderstorm clustering.
  • Fine model resolutions and realistic surface temperature variations hinder CSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of diurnal surface temperature cycles in CSA.
  • Determine if diurnal forcing enables CSA at fine model resolutions.
  • Understand the mechanisms driving tropical cloud clustering.

Main Methods:

  • Cloud-resolving numerical experiments.
  • Prescribed surface temperature oscillations to mimic diurnal cycles.
  • Simulations at varying fine model resolutions.

Main Results:

  • The diurnal cycle enables CSA at fine model resolutions.
  • Finer resolutions accelerate CSA.
  • Vigorous cold pools and dry patches emerge, driven by mesoscale convective systems.

Conclusions:

  • Diurnal forcing is key for CSA in realistic simulations.
  • CSA mechanisms are clarified, explaining tropical cloud clustering.
  • Findings may inform extreme rainfall and tropical cyclone research.