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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Turning Instrument Background Into Science Data for Structural Features of Radiation Belts.

N Yu Ganushkina1,2, I Dandouras3, M W Liemohn2

  • 1Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents methods to use instrument background counts as valuable scientific data. These methods help determine radiation belt boundaries using data from Cluster and Double Star spacecraft.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Energetic particle radiation belts pose challenges for space instrument data analysis.
  • Background counts in instruments like Cluster CIS HIA and Double Star HIA are primarily caused by penetrating energetic particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present methods for converting instrument background counts into scientifically valuable data.
  • To determine the boundaries of the Earth's inner and outer radiation belts.
  • To investigate the presence of a third radiation belt or storage ring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing background counts from Cluster CIS HIA and Double Star HIA instruments.
  • Analyzing simultaneous increases in all energy channels in HIA spectrograms to identify radiation belt entries and exits.
  • Exploiting supplementary data streams within CODIF telemetry, including "start," "stop," and "non-valid" signals, when HIA data is unavailable.
  • Defining radiation belt boundaries by analyzing changes in count gradients over time and visual inspection of measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated methods for using background counts to determine radiation belt boundaries.
  • Successfully identified radiation belt boundary locations using both HIA and CODIF data.
  • Analyzed data from July-August 2007 and September-October 2012 to demonstrate the methods' effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Instrument background counts can be transformed into scientifically valuable data for space physics research.
  • The proposed methods provide reliable ways to determine radiation belt boundaries, even with limited HIA data.
  • The analysis of specific time periods provides insights into the structure of the radiation belts.