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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Magnetism01:30

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Probing the Magnetosheath Boundaries Using Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Orbital Encounters.

S T Hart1,2, M A Dayeh1,2, D B Reisenfeld3

  • 1Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USA.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission detects magnetosheath ions, revealing Earth's magnetopause and bow shock locations. This background signal helps map these boundaries and shows magnetotail squeezing during strong solar wind conditions.

Keywords:
IBEXSolar windbow shockmagnetopausemagnetosheathmagnetotail

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Heliospheric Physics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) energetic neutral atom (ENA) imager detects a significant background count rate within the magnetosheath.
  • This background originates from solar wind ions deflecting around Earth's magnetopause, scattering, and neutralizing on the IBEX-Hi sunshade.
  • These neutralized atoms are indistinguishable from distant ENA emissions, creating a unique signature of magnetosheath crossings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate IBEX encounters with magnetosheath boundaries using approximately 8 years of orbital data.
  • To determine the magnetopause (MP) and bow shock (BS) locations using the detected background ENA signal.
  • To demonstrate IBEX's capability in identifying magnetosheath crossings and extending boundary observations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of approximately 8 years of IBEX-Hi orbital data to identify distinct background count rates.
  • Determination of magnetopause and bow shock crossing locations based on the identified ENA background signal.
  • Comparison of IBEX-derived boundary locations with data from other spacecraft missions (IMP-8, Geotail, Cluster, etc.).

Main Results:

  • Identified 280 bow shock crossings (X_GSE ~11 Re to ~-36 Re) and 241 magnetopause crossings (X_GSE ~6 Re to ~-48 Re).
  • IBEX crossing locations show good agreement with magnetopause and bow shock positions inferred from other mission data.
  • Observed evidence of near-Earth magnetotail squeezing during periods of strong interplanetary magnetic field By.

Conclusions:

  • The IBEX-Hi background ENA signal serves as a reliable indicator for identifying magnetosheath crossings and mapping magnetospheric boundaries.
  • IBEX data extends magnetosheath boundary observations significantly beyond the terminator, aiding in refining magnetosheath boundary models.
  • The study provides observational evidence for magnetotail dynamics, specifically squeezing, influenced by solar wind conditions.