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Related Concept Videos

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
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Vertical Aerosol Distribution and Mesospheric Clouds From ExoMars UVIS.

Paul M Streeter1, Graham Sellers1, Michael J Wolff2

  • 1School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes UK.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
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New data reveals Martian dust storms can transport water vapor to high altitudes, forming ice clouds. These clouds

Keywords:
ExoMars TGOMars atmosphereNOMADUVIScloudsdata assimilation

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Understanding the vertical distribution of ice and dust in Mars' atmosphere is crucial.
  • Previous studies have limited data on mesospheric cloud formation and its relation to dust events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new dataset of extinction opacity profiles from the NOMAD/UVIS instrument.
  • To investigate the vertical opacity structure of the Martian atmosphere, focusing on mesospheric clouds.
  • To compare observations with a Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the NOMAD/UVIS spectrometer on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.
  • Analyzed extinction opacity profiles covering one and a half Mars Years.
  • Compared observational data with a data-assimilated MGCM run.

Main Results:

  • Mesospheric water ice clouds were observed during global and regional dust storms.
  • Regional dust storms correlate with elevated hygropause, suggesting enhanced water vapor transport.
  • Dust storm season impacts cloud feature lifetime; earlier events lead to longer-lasting clouds.
  • MGCM struggled to accurately reproduce observed mesospheric ice features.

Conclusions:

  • Martian regional dust storms can significantly influence mesospheric water ice cloud formation.
  • The findings have implications for understanding atmospheric escape on Mars.
  • Further development of water ice parameterizations in climate models is needed.
  • The UVIS opacity dataset provides valuable data for future Martian atmospheric research and model validation.