Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.4K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.4K
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

510
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
510
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.7K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.7K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

585
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
585
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

358
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
358
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

527
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
527

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stray light correction for measurements of comet 67P acquired by Rosetta's Visible and InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer, IR Mapping channel (VIRTIS-M-IR), based on inflight data.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

c-Rel drives pancreatic cancer metastasis through fibronectin-integrin signaling-induced isolation stress resistance and EMT.

Molecular cancer·2025
Same author

Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of LGMDD2: role of TNPO3 in experimental cell and zebrafish models.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2025
Same author

Evidence of an enhanced near-surface ozone layer at tropical latitudes on Mars.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Microclimate governs the morphology of sediment flows on Mars.

Communications earth & environment·2025
Same author

Millefeuille: The layering of the Martian atmosphere observed in forward scattering geometry.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

9.7K

Martian CO2 Ice Observation at High Spectral Resolution With ExoMars/TGO NOMAD.

F Oliva1, E D'Aversa1, G Bellucci1

  • 1Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF) Rome Italy.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument detected carbon dioxide (CO2) ice on Mars using infrared spectroscopy. This study reveals CO2 ice clouds at low latitudes, offering new insights into Martian climate and atmospheric processes.

Keywords:
CO2 iceCO2 ice cloudsMarsMars surfacesurface icesurface properties

More Related Videos

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.3K
Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
06:48

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

Published on: May 10, 2020

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

9.7K
Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.3K
Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
06:48

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

Published on: May 10, 2020

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on the ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter is designed to study Mars' atmosphere.
  • NOMAD's Limb, Nadir, and Occultation (LNO) infrared channel provides data for surface and aerosol investigations.
  • Previous studies have mapped CO2 ice using other instruments, providing a basis for comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of NOMAD's LNO infrared channel for detecting surface CO2 ice.
  • To analyze CO2 ice absorption bands at 2.7 μm and 2.35 μm.
  • To map the distribution of CO2 ice and identify potential CO2 ice clouds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spectral orders 169, 189, and 190 from the NOMAD LNO channel.
  • Analyzed observations from Martian Years 34 and 35, encompassing a global dust storm.
  • Applied radiative transfer considerations to interpret spectral features.

Main Results:

  • Generated latitudinal-seasonal maps of CO2 ice in Martian polar regions, consistent with climate model predictions and previous observations.
  • Identified CO2 ice spectra at low latitudes, interpreted as high-altitude CO2 ice clouds rather than surface frost.
  • The 2.35 μm absorption band shows potential for retrieving CO2 ice microphysical properties, particularly for nm-sized ice grains in clouds.

Conclusions:

  • NOMAD's LNO channel is effective for detecting surface CO2 ice and aerosols.
  • The study provides the first detection of CO2 ice clouds in this spectral range.
  • CO2 ice clouds at low latitudes may be sensitive to nm-sized ice grains, impacting atmospheric models.