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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them

Published on: February 24, 2010

Pathogen-Derived Nucleases: An Effective Weapon for Escaping Extracellular Traps.

Chengshui Liao¹, Fuchao Mao^1,2, Man Qian¹

¹College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|July 22, 2022

Summary

Extracellular traps (ETs) are key innate immune components that immobilize microbes. However, pathogens producing nucleases can degrade ETs, increasing infection severity.

Keywords:

extracellular traps immune evasion innate immune cells nucleases pathogens

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Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Biochemistry

Background:

Extracellular traps (ETs) are a crucial component of the innate immune system, originating from neutrophils and other cells.
ETs function by immobilizing and killing invading pathogens, acting independently of phagocytosis.
The discovery of ETs in diverse species highlights their conserved role in host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on microbial nucleases that degrade ETs.
To summarize how bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens utilize nucleases to evade ET-mediated immunity.
To understand the implications of nuclease activity for host-pathogen interactions.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of studies on ETs and microbial nucleases.
Analysis of research detailing the mechanisms of nuclease action on ET DNA.
Synthesis of findings on pathogens employing nucleases to counteract host defenses.

Main Results:

Numerous bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens produce nucleases.
These nucleases specifically target and degrade the DNA backbone of ETs.
Nuclease activity by pathogens significantly impairs ET effectiveness, promoting infection.

Conclusions:

Pathogen-produced nucleases represent a significant evasion strategy against ET-mediated immunity.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
Targeting microbial nucleases could restore the efficacy of host extracellular defenses.