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High Number and Specific Comorbidities Could Impact the Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients
Dafeng Liu1,2, Xiaoyan Yuan1,2, Fengjiao Gao1,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Public Health and Clinical Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.
Insights
Comorbidities significantly impact COVID-19 patients' cellular immunity, decreasing B and NK cells while altering T cell subsets. Specific conditions like cancer and kidney disease negatively affect immune cells, guiding immunotherapy strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Cellular immunodeficiency and comorbidities are prevalent in COVID-19 patients.
- Understanding the interplay between comorbidities and immune status is crucial for managing COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how comorbidities affect cellular immunity in COVID-19 patients.
- To analyze the relationship between the number and types of comorbidities and immune cell subsets.
Main Methods:
- Compared lymphocyte counts and subsets (T, B, NK cells) between 718 COVID-19 patients and 55 healthy controls.
- Subgrouped COVID-19 patients based on comorbidity presence, number, and type.
- Investigated correlations between comorbidity burden and immune cell parameters.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 patients with comorbidities showed increased lymphocyte and T cell counts but decreased B and NK cells compared to controls.
- Higher comorbidity numbers correlated negatively with lymphocyte, T cell, and NK cell subsets.
- Specific comorbidities like cancer, chronic hepatitis B, and chronic kidney disease were associated with decreased immune cell counts, while NAFLD showed a positive correlation.
Conclusions:
- The number and type of comorbidities significantly influence the immune response in COVID-19 patients.
- Findings offer a clinical reference for personalized immunotherapy selection and timing in COVID-19 management.
Background:
Cellular immunodeficiency and comorbidities are common in COVID-19 patients.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidities impacting on the cellular immunity in COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
The research objects included 55 healthy controls and 718 COVID-19 patients who divided into the control group and the COVID-19 group, respectively. Those in the COVID-19 group were divided into subgroups on the basis of the number and types of comorbidities present. Lymphocyte itself and its subsets were compared between the control group and the COVID-19 group, the groups with comorbidities based on the different number and types of comorbidities, and the relationship between the lymphocyte counts and subsets with the number and types of comorbidities was investigated.
Results:
Compared with the control group, the lymphocyte counts and T cell subsets were significantly increased in the groups with comorbidities, but both B and NK cell subsets were significantly decreased in the no comorbidity group and in most of the groups with comorbidities (all P<0.05). In the three comorbidities group, the lymphocyte counts and T cell subsets were all significantly decreased, but the CD56+ percentage was obviously increased (all P<0.05). The number of comorbidities was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte counts and the T and NK cell subsets. A negative correlation also existed between cancer and both the lymphocyte counts and the T cell subsets, between chronic hepatitis B and the lymphocyte counts, and between chronic kidney disease and the CD3+ counts. A positive correlation existed between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disease and both lymphocyte and CD3+ counts. The risk factors were number of comorbidities for the lymphocyte count, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ percentages, NAFLD for the lymphocyte and CD3+ counts, cardiovascular diseases for CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ percentages, diabetes mellitus for the CD3+CD8+ percentage, and cancer for the CD3+ percentage, respectively.
Conclusions:
High numbers of comorbidities and specific comorbidities could impact the immune response of COVID-19 patients. This study provides a reference for clinicians in the identification of suitable and timely immunotherapy for COVID-19 patients.
Clinical Trial Registry:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2000034563.
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