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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Exospheric Temperature Measured by NASA-GOLD Under Low Solar Activity: Comparison With Other Data Sets.

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Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Exospheric temperature, measured by GOLD, correlates with solar and geomagnetic activity, explaining most day-to-day changes. Below 130 km, other factors influence temperature, not just solar and geomagnetic heating.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Exospheric temperature is crucial for thermospheric models.
  • Previous studies used in situ observations and remote sensing.
  • The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provides new data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the climatological behavior of exospheric temperature using GOLD data.
  • Identify key drivers of exospheric temperature variability.
  • Determine the altitude threshold for solar and geomagnetic activity influence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GOLD dayglow limb images from a geosynchronous orbit.
  • Analyzed correlations between exospheric temperature and solar/geomagnetic indices (F10.7, Ap).
  • Compared GOLD exospheric temperature with thermospheric parameters at various altitudes.

Main Results:

  • Exospheric temperature shows positive correlations with solar and geomagnetic activity.
  • A strong correlation (explaining ~64% variability) was found with the sum of F10.7 and Ap indices.
  • Good correlation exists with thermospheric parameters above ~130 km, but not around 100 km.

Conclusions:

  • The sum of F10.7 and Ap indices is a strong predictor of day-to-day exospheric temperature changes.
  • A threshold altitude between 100-130 km exists, below which other factors dominate thermospheric temperature.
  • GOLD data offers valuable insights into exospheric temperature dynamics and its relationship with solar/geomagnetic activity.