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A developmental perspective on personality-relationship transactions: Evidence from three nationally representative
Janina Larissa Bühler1, Marcus Mund2, Franz J Neyer3
1Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Journal of Personality
|July 22, 2022
Summary
Personality traits influence relationship events (selection effects) and relationship events shape personality (socialization effects). These personality-relationship transactions were mostly independent of age, with selection effects stronger than socialization effects.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Personality traits and relationship events influence each other throughout life.
- Previous research on personality-relationship transactions yielded inconsistent findings.
- Unnoticed age differences may explain inconsistencies in personality-relationship transaction research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically investigate age differences in personality-relationship transactions.
- To conceptualize relationship events as gains and losses.
- To apply a developmental perspective to understand personality-relationship transactions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized longitudinal data from three large, nationally representative samples (SOEP, HILDA, Understanding Society).
- Employed event-focused latent growth models to analyze transactions.
- Conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize findings across samples.
Main Results:
- Confirmed the existence of personality-relationship transactions.
- Selection effects (personality influencing relationships) were stronger than socialization effects (relationships influencing personality).
- Effects of relationship gains were stronger than effects of relationship losses; few age interactions were observed.
Conclusions:
- Personality-relationship transactions, particularly socialization effects, appear infrequent and largely age-independent across adulthood.
- Broader and narrower factors may influence the strength of these transactions.
- Further research is needed to explore moderators of personality-relationship transactions.
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