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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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Class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 modulates key brassinosteroid-responsive genes.

Benjamin J Spears1,2,3, Samuel A McInturf2,3, Carina Collins4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Plant Physiology
|July 22, 2022
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Summary

The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor TCP8 regulates plant development and immunity by modulating brassinosteroid signaling. Pathogens may target TCP8 to disrupt these crucial plant pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Plant signaling pathways
  • Transcription factors

Background:

  • TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors regulate plant development and immunity.
  • TCPs are targeted by pathogen virulence factors and regulate plant defense genes, but their targets are not fully characterized.
  • Loss of function in AtTCP8, AtTCP14, and AtTCP15 affects Arabidopsis thaliana immune signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the gene targets of the plant-specific TCP transcription factor, AtTCP8.
  • To investigate the role of AtTCP8 in plant hormone signaling pathways, particularly brassinosteroids (BRs).
  • To understand how AtTCP8's function relates to its targeting by pathogen effectors.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify AtTCP8-bound gene promoters.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify differentially regulated genes in tcp8 mutants.
  • Analysis of phytohormone signaling components, focusing on BR signaling genes like BZR1 and BZR2/BES1.

Main Results:

  • TCP8-bound promoters and differentially regulated genes were enriched in signaling components of BR, auxin, and jasmonic acid pathways.
  • AtTCP8 directly binds and activates the promoters of key BR transcriptional regulators, BZR1 and BZR2/BES1.
  • tcp8 mutant seedlings showed altered BR-responsive growth, reduced BZR2 transcript levels, and BR-responsive changes in TCP8 localization and activity.

Conclusions:

  • AtTCP8 acts as a direct modulator of brassinosteroid signaling by regulating BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 expression.
  • TCP8's role in modulating plant hormone pathways, including BR signaling, provides a potential explanation for its targeting by pathogen effectors.
  • This study elucidates a key mechanism by which TCP transcription factors integrate developmental and immune signaling in plants.