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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Physiological Barriers01:25

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
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The NPC Families Mediate BmNPV Entry.

Youpeng Fan1,2, Jialing Bao1,2, Xiaoyu Fu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest Universitygrid.263906.8, Chongqing, China.

Microbiology Spectrum
|July 22, 2022
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Summary

Baculovirus uses host NPC1 and NPC2 proteins to enter cells. NPC2 aids viral fusion and escape from endosomes, facilitating infection and gene delivery applications.

Keywords:
BmNPVBombyx moriNPC1NPC2cholesterol trafficking pathwayenveloped virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Molecular Biology
  • Insect Cell Biology
  • Gene Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Baculoviruses are vital for agricultural pest control and gene delivery.
  • The precise entry mechanism of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) into host cells is not fully understood.
  • NPC1 and NPC2 proteins are known host factors in viral infection but their roles in BmNPV entry are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of NPC1 and NPC2 proteins in BmNPV entry into host cells.
  • To investigate how BmNPV utilizes the cholesterol transport pathway for cellular entry.
  • To understand the interaction between BmNPV components and host NPC proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated BmNPV interaction with BmNPC1 and BmNPC2 proteins in insect cells (Sf9).
  • Assessed the role of BmNPC1 in endosomal escape and nuclear entry of BmNPV.
  • Analyzed the binding of BmNPC1's luminal domain (BmNPC1-C) to viral glycoprotein gp64.
  • Studied the effect of BmNPC2 knockout on viral fusion and interaction with gp64 and BmNPC1.
  • Examined the incorporation of BmNPC2 into progeny viral particles.

Main Results:

  • BmNPC1 is crucial for BmNPV escape from endosomes and nuclear entry in Sf9 cells.
  • BmNPC1-C binds to BmNPV's gp64, and pre-incubation inhibits infection.
  • BmNPC2 knockout reduces viral fusion efficiency; BmNPC2 interacts with gp64 and BmNPC1.
  • BmNPC2 is incorporated into progeny virions, suggesting a role in subsequent infections.

Conclusions:

  • BmNPV hijacks the host cholesterol transport pathway, utilizing NPC1 and NPC2 for entry.
  • NPC2 facilitates BmNPV infection by promoting NPC1 interaction, enhancing fusion and endosomal escape.
  • These findings provide new insights into enveloped virus entry mechanisms and baculovirus gene delivery applications.