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Related Concept Videos

Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

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The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
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Responses to Salt Stress02:02

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

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Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
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Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
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Published on: May 21, 2020

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Sweet sensors support stressed cell survival.

Nathaniel J Himmel1, Richard Benton1

  • 1Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Plos Biology
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Gustatory receptors (Grs) in fruit fly epithelia protect stressed cells from protein buildup. This discovery reveals a novel role for these receptors beyond taste detection.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Gustatory receptors (Grs) are primarily known for their role in sensory neurons, mediating the detection of food and toxins.
  • Their function in non-sensory tissues, particularly in cellular stress responses, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a potential role for Gustatory receptors (Grs) in epithelial cells of Drosophila.
  • To determine if Grs contribute to cellular protection against proteotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism.
  • Employed genetic and cellular assays to examine the function of Grs in epithelial tissues.
  • Assessed cellular responses to proteotoxic stress in the presence and absence of specific Grs.

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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Gustatory receptors (Grs) are expressed in Drosophila epithelia.
  • Provided evidence that Grs play a protective role in epithelial cells under proteotoxic stress.
  • Showed that the absence of certain Grs exacerbates cellular damage from protein aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Gustatory receptors (Grs) have a previously unrecognized function in epithelial cell protection.
  • Grs in Drosophila epithelia are involved in mitigating proteotoxicity.
  • This finding expands the known functional repertoire of Gustatory receptors beyond sensory perception.