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Neuronal population dynamics during motor plan cancellation in nonhuman primates.

Pierpaolo Pani1, Margherita Giamundo1, Franco Giarrocco1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 22, 2022
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Summary

Active movement inhibition involves specific cortical dynamics. Neuronal activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is confined to a subspace during inhibition, requiring escape for movement execution.

Keywords:
inhibitionmonkeymotor controlneuronal dynamicspremotor cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding cortical neuronal dynamics is crucial for comprehending movement generation and control.
  • Most research has focused on movement execution, neglecting the critical role of active movement inhibition.
  • Inhibition is fundamental for selecting actions and maintaining posture, representing a primary control mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cortical neuronal dynamics underlying active movement inhibition.
  • To explore how neuronal activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) differs during movement execution versus inhibition.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms that differentiate planned movements from cancelled movements.

Main Methods:

  • Recording neuronal activity using multielectrode arrays in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of monkeys.
  • Utilizing a countermanding reaching task that incorporates trials requiring movement cancellation.
  • Analyzing neuronal activity within a state-space framework to identify distinct subspaces related to task conditions.

Main Results:

  • A specific subspace within the PMd neuronal state space was identified where temporal information is conveyed during active inhibition and position holding.
  • Movement execution was associated with neuronal activity escaping this subspace towards an orthogonal subspace.
  • A threshold related to motor plan maturation was observed to be necessary for movement initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal computations confined within an 'output-null' subspace are not associated with movement production.
  • The findings provide detailed insights into the neural dynamics governing movement control, particularly highlighting the role of inhibition.
  • This study extends the understanding of how the brain actively controls and inhibits movements, offering a more comprehensive model of motor control.