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Thermosensitive injectable hydrogel based on chitosan-polygalacturonic acid polyelectrolyte complexes for bone tissue

Geeta Kumari Wasupalli1, Devendra Verma1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.

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|July 22, 2022
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Summary

This study developed injectable hydrogels from chitosan and polygalacturonic acid (PgA) for tissue regeneration. Hydrothermal treatment and gelatin incorporation improved mechanical stability and enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.

Keywords:
ChitosanHydrothermalHydroxyapatitePolyelectrolyte complex (PEC)Polygalacturonic acidβ-Glycerophosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Hydrogels offer a 3D microenvironment but often lack mechanical stability.
  • Injectable hydrogels are desirable for minimally invasive applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel, injectable, thermosensitive hydrogels based on chitosan and polygalacturonic acid (PgA).
  • To enhance the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of these hydrogels for potential use in tissue regeneration.
  • To investigate the effect of hydrothermal treatment and gelatin incorporation on hydrogel performance and cellular response.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized injectable hydrogels using hydrothermal assisted hydrolysis of chitosan and PgA.
  • Incorporated β-glycerophosphate (βGP) and hydroxyapatite to optimize gelation and biocompatibility.
  • Evaluated hydrogel mechanical properties (compressive stiffness) and characterized the network chemistry.
  • Assessed cell viability, proliferation (MTT assay), and osteogenic differentiation (ALP activity, collagen production) of MG63 cells cultured within the hydrogels.
  • Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for matrix morphology analysis and confocal imaging for cell distribution.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized hydrogels exhibited good compressive stiffness and formed a gel at 37°C.
  • Hydrothermal treatment and gelatin incorporation significantly enhanced hydrogel bioactivity and mechanical properties.
  • SEM confirmed uniform distribution of PEC fibers within the hydrogel matrix.
  • Cell culture studies showed superior cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in hydrogels with gelatin and hydrothermally treated PEC fibers.
  • Improved cellular responses, including proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, were observed in optimized hydrogel formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrothermal treatment and gelatin inclusion are effective strategies to improve chitosan-βGP hydrogel bioactivity and mechanical stability.
  • The developed biomimetic hydrogels provide a stable physical network with uniform fibrous matrix distribution.
  • These enhanced hydrogels demonstrate significant potential for promoting cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, supporting tissue regeneration applications.