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Methods of Documentation III: PIE

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Problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE) is a systematic approach to documentation used in healthcare settings for clinical decision-making and patient care planning. It is a structured approach to organizing patient data based on problems, interventions, and evaluations. Here's a breakdown of its key features and considerations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Paediatric early warning systems: not a simple answer to a complex question.

Damian Roland^1,2, Colin Powell^3,4, Amy Lloyd⁵

¹SAPPHIRE Group, Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK dr98@leicester.ac.uk.

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|July 22, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) aim to reduce child deaths in hospitals. However, their effectiveness is often assumed rather than proven, questioning our understanding of how PEWS truly function and impact patient outcomes.

Keywords:

child health services emergency service, hospital health services research mortality paediatrics

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Area of Science:

Pediatric critical care
Health systems research
Patient safety

Background:

Paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) are increasingly implemented to improve outcomes in children.
Existing evaluations often overlook the internal validity of PEWS components.
Assumptions about PEWS' mechanisms of action are common.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the assumptions underlying the design and implementation of PEWS.
To question the current understanding of PEWS function, process, and outcome.
To prompt a deeper examination of PEWS' impact on in-hospital mortality.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PEWS implementation and evaluation.
Analysis of the theoretical underpinnings and assumed causal pathways of PEWS.
Critical assessment of the evidence supporting PEWS' effectiveness.

Main Results:

Limited examination of the internal validity of PEWS components in prior studies.
Widespread reliance on assumptions regarding how PEWS achieve desired outcomes.
Growing prevalence of PEWS without a comprehensive understanding of their function.

Conclusions:

The effectiveness of PEWS may be overestimated due to unverified assumptions.
Further research is needed to rigorously assess the function, process, and outcomes of PEWS.
A more critical approach to PEWS evaluation is necessary to ensure patient safety and reduce mortality.