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Bodily self-recognition in patients with pathological embodiment.

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Patients with pathological embodiment after brain damage struggle to visually distinguish their own hands from others. This visual recognition deficit impacts both implicit and explicit tasks, indicating a loss of own-body visual awareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Body Ownership

Background:

  • Brain damage can impair the ability to distinguish own body parts from others', leading to pathological embodiment.
  • Patients with pathological embodiment surprisingly do not rely on visual cues to differentiate their own from alien body parts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if impaired visual discrimination of own vs. alien hands in pathological embodiment occurs only in real-world scenarios or also with visual stimuli on a screen.
  • To determine the extent of visual recognition deficits in patients with and without pathological embodiment.

Main Methods:

  • Forty right brain-damaged patients (20 with pathological embodiment [E+], 20 without [E-]) and 24 healthy controls completed implicit and explicit visual tasks using self and other hand images.
  • The Implicit task involved matching images, while the Explicit task required participants to identify their own hand images.
  • Voxel-based Lesion-Symptom Mapping (VLSM) analyzed the relationship between brain damage and errors.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls showed a self-advantage in the Implicit task, which was absent in both patient groups.
  • E+ patients performed significantly worse than controls and E- patients in the Implicit task.
  • In the Explicit task, both patient groups underperformed compared to controls, with E+ patients exhibiting hyper-attribution of alien hands (false alarms).
  • SLF damage was linked to increased false alarm errors.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with pathological embodiment (E+) demonstrate a loss of visual self-recognition of their own body parts at both implicit and explicit levels.
  • The study confirms that visual discrimination deficits in pathological embodiment extend to screen-based tasks, not just ecological evaluations.
  • Damage to the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) is associated with the tendency to misattribute alien body parts as one's own.