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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

A Rat Model of Pressure Overload Induced Moderate Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction as Opposed to Overt Systolic Heart Failure
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Phenotyping the hypertensive heart.

Marijana Tadic1, Cesare Cuspidi2, Thomas H Marwick3,4

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

European Heart Journal
|July 23, 2022
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Summary

Advanced echocardiography techniques detect subclinical left ventricular impairment in patients with arterial hypertension. Early detection of cardiac remodelling can guide treatment to prevent cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
Arterial hypertensionCardiac fibrosisCardiac magnetic resonanceComputed tomographyEchocardiographySpeckle-tracking echocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Arterial hypertension is a primary cardiovascular risk factor, contributing significantly to global disease burden.
  • Echocardiography is the standard for assessing cardiac damage in hypertensive individuals.
  • Subclinical left ventricular (LV) impairment is a key concern in hypertensive heart disease (HHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced imaging techniques for evaluating cardiac injury in arterial hypertension.
  • To highlight the role of novel echocardiographic methods in detecting subclinical LV impairment.
  • To discuss the differential diagnosis of LV hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on advanced echocardiography (2D/3D speckle tracking, myocardial work).
  • Discussion of multimodality imaging (cardiac MRI, CT) for tissue characterization.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in the context of cardiovascular event genesis.

Main Results:

  • Novel echocardiographic techniques offer insights into subclinical LV impairment missed by conventional methods.
  • Cardiac remodelling detected by imaging represents intermediate stages toward cardiovascular events.
  • Multimodality imaging aids in distinguishing hypertensive heart disease from other causes of LV hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging, including novel echocardiography and tissue characterization, improves HHD detection.
  • Identifying and treating cardiac remodelling can prevent or delay progressive disease and cardiovascular events.
  • Selective use of multimodality imaging is crucial for guiding treatment and avoiding disease progression.