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Updated: Sep 3, 2025
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
Published on: March 11, 2016
A Novel Method of Quantifying Retinal Displacement Using Ultra-Widefield Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging
Nishaant Bhambra1, Carolina L M Francisconi1, Samara B Marafon1
1From Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada (N.B. C.L.M.F, S.B.M, N.A.F, V.R.J, K.B, R.H.M); Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (N.B, C.L.M.F, S.B.M, N.A.F, V.R.J, K.B, R.H.M); Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (C.L.M.F); Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (R.J.H); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK (R.J.H); Kensington Vision and Research Center, Toronto, Canada (R.H.M).
Purpose:
To introduce a novel method of quantifying retinal displacement in three dimensions (3D) using ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF).
Design:
Prospective clinical cohort study.
Methods:
Patients with primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) treated with pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) or vitrectomy were included. Masked graders selected corresponding points on retinal vasculature and retinal vessel printings (RVPs) within Zone 1, a circular region centered on the fovea with a radius extending to the optic disc (OD) center. Two-dimensional (2D) UWF-FAF was projected to 3D using OD and foveal coordinates. Vertical, horizontal, and diagonal distances between corresponding vessel and RVPs were calculated. Vector displacement of the RVPs to vessels were averaged.
Results:
A total of 170 retinal vessel-RVP pairs were identified from 54 UWF-FAF images. Mean displacement in Zone 1 was 0.36 ± 0.38 mm, with an absolute mean angle of displacement of 94.93 ± 41.48° and directionality of 191.84 ± 97.39°. Mean Zone 1 displacement was 0.44 ± 0.42mm and 0.21 ± 0.27 mm in vitrectomy (n = 35) and PnR (n = 19) eyes, respectively (P = .041), with no differences in mean angle of displacement/directionality.
Conclusions:
A novel method of quantifying the magnitude and direction of retinal displacement is presented, accounting for the spherical 3D curvature of the eye by using corresponding points on retinal vessels and RVPs using UWF-FAF. This provides a 3D vector of displacement agnostic of a singular fixation point such as the optic disc. Accurately quantifying the magnitude and angle/direction of displacement may allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in retinal displacement in various surgical techniques, and a better assessment of the association with functional outcomes.
