CD155 in tumor progression and targeted therapy

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• CD155, or poliovirus receptor (PVR), is increasingly recognized for its dual role in cancer progression.
• While typically low in healthy cells, CD155 is elevated in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and tumor cells across various cancers, correlating with poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of CD155 in both host and tumor cells concerning tumor progression.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting CD155 and its associated pathways in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the intrinsic functions of CD155 in tumor cells.
• Analysis of extrinsic immunoregulatory functions of CD155 within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
• Examination of preclinical data on targeting CD155 and its receptor TIGIT, including combination therapies with anti-PD-1.

Main Results:

• CD155 intrinsic functions promote tumor growth and metastasis.
• CD155 extrinsic functions involve interactions with TIGIT, an inhibitory immune checkpoint, within the TME.
• Preclinical studies indicate that targeting CD155 or TIGIT, alone or with anti-PD-1, enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

• CD155 is a significant factor in cancer progression and a viable target for immunotherapy.
• Targeting CD155 pathways, particularly the CD155-TIGIT axis, offers a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
• Further research into antibody and immune cell editing strategies targeting CD155 is warranted.