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CD155 in tumor progression and targeted therapy.

Meixiao Zhan1, Zhiren Zhang1, Xiaoguang Zhao1

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CD155 (poliovirus receptor) drives tumor progression and metastasis. Targeting CD155 and its interactions, like with TIGIT, shows promise for cancer immunotherapy by improving immune-mediated tumor control.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD155, or poliovirus receptor (PVR), is increasingly recognized for its dual role in cancer progression.
  • While typically low in healthy cells, CD155 is elevated in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and tumor cells across various cancers, correlating with poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of CD155 in both host and tumor cells concerning tumor progression.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting CD155 and its associated pathways in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the intrinsic functions of CD155 in tumor cells.
  • Analysis of extrinsic immunoregulatory functions of CD155 within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Examination of preclinical data on targeting CD155 and its receptor TIGIT, including combination therapies with anti-PD-1.

Main Results:

  • CD155 intrinsic functions promote tumor growth and metastasis.
  • CD155 extrinsic functions involve interactions with TIGIT, an inhibitory immune checkpoint, within the TME.
  • Preclinical studies indicate that targeting CD155 or TIGIT, alone or with anti-PD-1, enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • CD155 is a significant factor in cancer progression and a viable target for immunotherapy.
  • Targeting CD155 pathways, particularly the CD155-TIGIT axis, offers a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Further research into antibody and immune cell editing strategies targeting CD155 is warranted.