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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue

Published on: September 30, 2022

X-Ray Markers for Thin Film Implants.

Ben J Woodington¹, Lawrence Coles¹, Amy E Rochford¹

¹Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|July 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed flexible X-ray markers for thin film brain implants, improving visibility during surgery. This innovation addresses a key challenge for adopting advanced neuromodulation and brain mapping technologies.

Keywords:

X-ray bioelectronics imaging materials neuroscience

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Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

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Published on: September 30, 2022

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Published on: June 24, 2018

Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

Published on: July 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Neuroscience

Background:

Implantable electronic medical devices are crucial for brain surgery and treating neurological disorders.
Current devices have bulky designs with limited flexibility and low electrode counts.
Thin film implants offer improved conformability and high-density capabilities but lack fluoroscopic visibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop mechanically flexible X-ray markers for thin film brain implants.
To overcome the invisibility of thin film implants during fluoroscopic insertion.
To facilitate the clinical adoption of advanced thin film brain implants.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of mechanically flexible X-ray markers using bismuth- and barium-infused elastomers.
Evaluation of X-ray attenuation properties in human cadavers.
Assessment of biocompatibility using cell cultures.
Testing for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility.
Demonstration of integration with thin film implants.

Main Results:

Developed flexible X-ray markers with suitable X-ray attenuation properties.
Confirmed biocompatibility of the markers in cell cultures.
Demonstrated that markers do not distort MRI images.
Successfully integrated markers with thin film implants.

Conclusions:

Mechanically flexible X-ray markers have been successfully developed and tested.
These markers address the critical limitation of fluoroscopic invisibility for thin film implants.
This advancement removes a significant barrier to the clinical use of thin film implants for brain mapping and neuromodulation.