Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enniatins and Beauvericin as Emerging Mycotoxins in the Context of Climate Change in Europe.

Toxins·2026

Same author

King's stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an 18F-FDG-PET study of brain connectivity.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026

Same author

Building bridges: Involvement of animal care staff and laboratory technicians in experimental planning and conduct of animal studies for better job satisfaction and science.

Laboratory animals·2026

Same author

Effects of Enniatin B1 on differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells in vitro.

Mycotoxin research·2026

Same author

Brief comments on "Perturbation response scanning of drug-target networks: Drug repurposing for multiple sclerosis".

Journal of pharmaceutical analysis·2026

Same author

Immunomodulatory and Cytotoxic Properties of Enniatin B1 in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026

Same journal

New approach methodologies as first tier in an integrated approach to testing and assessment for non-genotoxic carcinogens.

ALTEX·2026

Same journal

Assessing the FDA's Year One Progress Report on Reducing Animal Testing.

ALTEX·2026

Same journal

Europe's roadmap finally arrives: Long on rigor, short on a clock.

ALTEX·2026

Same journal

Towards advanced in vitro models of testicular steroidogenesis for endocrine disruption testing.

ALTEX·2026

Same journal

Evaluation of EndoSens: A reliable skin sensitization assessment model.

ALTEX·2026

Same journal

Serum-free in vitro assessment of receptor-mediated endocrine activity including Phase-1 metabolism.

ALTEX·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Transition of Farm Pigs to Research Pigs using a Designated Checklist followed by Initiation of Clicker Training - a Refinement Initiative

Transition of Farm Pigs to Research Pigs using a Designated Checklist followed by Initiation of Clicker Training - a Refinement Initiative

Published on: August 21, 2021

Replacement, reduction, refinement: 3 days for 3Rs

Francesca Caloni¹, Francesco Nevelli², Luca Bonini³

¹Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Milan, Italy.

|July 24, 2022

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Published on: February 16, 2024

Nitroreductase/Metronidazole-Mediated Ablation and a MATLAB Platform RpEGEN for Studying Regeneration of the Zebrafish Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Nitroreductase/Metronidazole-Mediated Ablation and a MATLAB Platform RpEGEN for Studying Regeneration of the Zebrafish Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: March 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Transition of Farm Pigs to Research Pigs using a Designated Checklist followed by Initiation of Clicker Training - a Refinement Initiative

Transition of Farm Pigs to Research Pigs using a Designated Checklist followed by Initiation of Clicker Training - a Refinement Initiative

Published on: August 21, 2021

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Published on: February 16, 2024

Nitroreductase/Metronidazole-Mediated Ablation and a MATLAB Platform RpEGEN for Studying Regeneration of the Zebrafish Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Nitroreductase/Metronidazole-Mediated Ablation and a MATLAB Platform RpEGEN for Studying Regeneration of the Zebrafish Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: March 2, 2022