Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 1, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
Published on: July 3, 2013
Short Report: Choline plasma levels are related to Nrf2 transcriptional expression in chronic kidney disease?
D Mafra1, L Cardozo2, M Ribeiro-Alves3
1Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Background & Aims:
Choline is an amine osmolyte with antioxidant potential. A limited number of studies have implied that choline modulates the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf 2) pathway, a major cytoprotectant system. However, there are no data regarding such an interaction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional pilot study therefore aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between choline plasma levels and transcriptional expression of Nrf2 in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD).
Methods:
This study was performed in 24 HD patients [54 ± 10 years, 14 men, BMI 26.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2]. Choline plasma levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. Nrf2 mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Results:
We used Pearson's correlation (rho) to determine the correlations with Nrf 2 expression and observed a positive correlation between choline plasma levels and Nrf2 (rho = 0.56, P = 0.004).
Conclusions:
This finding suggests that choline may play a role in Nrf2 expression in CKD.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

