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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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The performance and perspectives of dendritic cell vaccines modified by immune checkpoint inhibitors or stimulants

Jiage Ding1, Yanyan Zheng1, Gang Wang2

  • 1Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|July 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Optimizing dendritic cell (DC) vaccines is crucial for improving cancer treatment. Understanding and manipulating immune checkpoints on DCs can enhance anti-tumor responses and overcome tumor immune escape.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccines aim to eliminate tumor cells via immune stimulation.
  • Despite inducing T cell responses, DC vaccines show limited clinical efficacy, necessitating optimization.
  • Tumor immune escape is often mediated by the suppression of DC function through immune checkpoints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of immune checkpoints in DC vaccine efficacy.
  • To explore the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and activators (ICAs) in DC vaccines.
  • To detail novel therapeutic strategies for manipulating immune checkpoints on DCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies on ICIs and ICAs.
  • Analysis of various manipulation strategies: chemotherapy, antibodies, gene silencing (siRNA, shRNA), gene editing (CRISPR-Cas9), and viral vectors.
  • Examination of inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint molecules on DC subsets.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoints on DCs can suppress anti-tumor immune responses.
  • ICIs and ICAs offer potential to modulate DC function and enhance vaccine efficacy.
  • Preclinical data support the manipulation of DC immune checkpoints for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting immune checkpoints on DCs is a promising strategy for optimizing DC vaccines.
  • Further understanding of these checkpoints will guide the development of more effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Novel interventional strategies can be employed to enhance DC vaccine performance against tumors.
Keywords:
Cancer treatmentDC vaccineImmune checkpoint activatorsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune checkpoint molecules

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