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Related Concept Videos

Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
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Related Experiment Video

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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Junctional Adhesion Molecules: Potential Proteins in Atherosclerosis.

Junqi Wang1,2,3, Xiaoping Chen1,2,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 25, 2022
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Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) regulate key processes in atherosclerosis. This review summarizes recent findings on JAMs and atherosclerosis, highlighting future research directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are immunoglobulin superfamily members involved in cell-cell adhesion.
  • JAMs play critical roles in vascular health, including endothelial barrier function and leukocyte trafficking.
  • Dysregulation of JAMs is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent advancements in understanding the role of JAMs in atherosclerosis.
  • To consolidate knowledge on JAMs' involvement in atherosclerosis-related processes.
  • To identify and predict future research avenues for JAMs in atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search and review of studies on JAMs and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of the roles of JAMs in endothelial barrier maintenance.
  • Evaluation of JAMs' impact on leucocyte transendothelial migration and angiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • JAMs are crucial regulators of endothelial barrier integrity.
  • JAMs significantly influence leucocyte migration into the arterial wall.
  • JAMs are implicated in the neovascularization processes within atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusions:

  • JAMs are pivotal in multiple facets of atherosclerosis development.
  • Further research into JAMs offers potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
  • Future studies should focus on elucidating specific JAM signaling pathways in atherosclerosis.