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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...

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Manufacturing and Using Piggy-back Multibarrel Electrodes for In vivo Pharmacological Manipulations of Neural Responses

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Long-Duration Sound-Induced Facilitation Changes Population Activity in the Inferior Colliculus.

Alice L Burghard¹, Christopher M Lee¹, Emily M Fabrizio-Stover¹

¹Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

|July 25, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Long duration sounds induce potentiation in the inferior colliculus (IC), enhancing subsequent tone responses in some neurons. This sound-evoked facilitation in the IC may alter auditory processing.

Keywords:

auditory system electrophysiology mouse plasticity sound-evoked activity spontaneous activity

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Published on: May 21, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

The inferior colliculus (IC) is a key auditory center integrating brainstem information.
Excitatory local connections within the IC are vital for auditory processing.
Previous studies noted afterdischarges in single IC neurons following long duration sounds (LDS).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of LDS on neuronal activity and tone-evoked responses in the IC population.
To characterize LDS-induced changes in spontaneous and evoked activity in the central nucleus of the IC.
To compare in vivo findings with in vitro post-tetanic potentiation.

Main Methods:

Multi-channel probes were used to record neuronal activity in the IC.
Neurons were stimulated with a single, tetanic 60-second narrowband noise stimulus.
Subsequent responses to tone pips and spontaneous activity were analyzed before and after LDS.

Main Results:

Approximately 16% of recording channels exhibited afterdischarges following LDS.
A similar proportion (∼16%) of channels showed facilitated spike rates to tone pips.
Higher LDS-evoked firing rates correlated with increased afterdischarge magnitude.
Facilitation was observed in intermixed channels within the central nucleus of the IC.

Conclusions:

LDS induces a form of neuronal facilitation in the IC, affecting both spontaneous and tone-evoked activity.
This sound-evoked facilitation in the IC shares characteristics with in vitro post-tetanic potentiation.
The findings suggest a novel mechanism for modulating auditory signal processing within the IC, impacting neuronal output selectively.