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Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study
Mahsa Samadani1, Anahita Mansoori1,2, Habib Haybar3
1Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nutrition and Metabolic Insights
|July 25, 2022
Summary
Following the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet (Med) guidelines may lower atherosclerosis risk. Adherence to these diets shows a positive effect on overall health and chronic disease prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Diet quality significantly impacts health outcomes.
- Established diet quality scores include the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med).
- Understanding the association between these scores and atherosclerosis risk is crucial for preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between adherence to HEI, DASH, and Med scores and the risk of atherosclerosis in an Iranian adult population.
- To provide evidence for dietary recommendations in atherosclerosis prevention.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 323 atherosclerosis patients and 334 controls.
- Dietary intake assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire.
- HEI, DASH, and Med scores calculated; logistic regression used to determine Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for atherosclerosis risk across diet score quartiles.
Main Results:
- Individuals in the control group exhibited higher total HEI, DASH, and Med scores compared to the atherosclerosis group.
- Higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76]), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78]), and Mediterranean patterns (OR: 0.4; CI: [0.21, 0.76]) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean dietary patterns is associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis.
- These dietary patterns may contribute to improved general health and the prevention of chronic diseases.
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