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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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A Dual Role of DDX3X in dsRNA-Derived Innate Immune Signaling

Juntae Kwon1, Hyeongjwa Choi2, Cecil Han1,3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|July 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked (DDX3X) protein plays a key role in RNA metabolism and immune responses. This review explores DDX3X

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked (DDX3X) is crucial for RNA metabolism and cellular processes.
  • DDX3X is implicated in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • DDX3X influences both pro- and anti-microbial responses, including antiviral immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex role of DDX3X in regulating innate immune responses to viral and endogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs).
  • To highlight the importance of understanding dsRNA sensing for developing therapeutics against infectious diseases, immune disorders, and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DDX3X function in RNA metabolism and immune signaling.
  • Analysis of DDX3X's involvement in viral and endogenous dsRNA-mediated pathways.
  • Discussion of DDX3X's dual role in innate immunity.

Main Results:

  • DDX3X is a known activator of the viral dsRNA-sensing pathway and innate immunity.
  • Emerging research indicates a more intricate regulatory function of DDX3X in dsRNA signaling.
  • DDX3X modulates immune signaling in response to both foreign viral and self-derived dsRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • DDX3X exhibits a complex and multifaceted role in cellular innate immune signaling pathways.
  • Understanding DDX3X's regulation of dsRNA responses is critical for advancing therapies for various diseases.
  • Further research into DDX3X is essential for harnessing its therapeutic potential in oncology and infectious diseases.
Keywords:
DDX3XcancerdsRNAsinnate immunitytype I IFN

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