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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Toward Precision Medicine in ADHD.

Jan Buitelaar1,2, Sven Bölte3,4,5, Daniel Brandeis6,7

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Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarkers are needed to personalize Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatments. Current treatments vary in effectiveness, and more research is required to identify reliable markers for diagnosis and treatment response.

Keywords:
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)biomarkerheterogeneityinter-individual variabilityprecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with no cure.
  • Existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments exhibit significant inter-individual variability in efficacy and tolerability.
  • Current clinical practice lacks evidence-based tools for personalized treatment selection based on patient characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review potential biomarkers for ADHD diagnosis, patient stratification, and prediction of clinical course and treatment response.
  • To identify biomarkers that can help personalize ADHD management across the lifespan.
  • To highlight the need for robust studies to validate potential biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating biomarkers for ADHD.
  • Focus on cognitive, actigraphic, and electroencephalogram (EEG) markers for ADHD prediction.
  • Exploration of markers for ADHD subtyping and treatment response prediction.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory studies have investigated cognitive, actigraphic, and EEG markers for ADHD diagnosis.
  • Limited research exists on biomarkers for ADHD subtyping and predicting treatment response.
  • Most identified markers are from preliminary or exploratory investigations.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for well-designed, multisite, prospective studies to identify and validate biomarkers for ADHD.
  • Biomarkers are essential for improving ADHD diagnosis, patient stratification, and personalizing treatment strategies.
  • Validated biomarkers could significantly enhance treatment outcomes and patient management in ADHD across the lifespan.