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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

9.1K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

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SARS-CoV-2 and the Nucleus.

Mengqi Chen1, Yue Ma1, Wakam Chang1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus significantly alters nuclear pathways, impacting virus replication. Targeting these nuclear alterations with small molecule drugs offers potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

Keywords:
DNA damageSARS-CoV-2ciliaepigeneticsinnate immunitynuclear transport

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm.
  • Despite cytoplasmic replication, the nucleus plays a critical role in coronavirus infection, as evidenced by reduced infection in enucleated cells and with pharmacological inhibitors of nuclear trafficking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the alterations in nuclear pathways induced by SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore how these nuclear pathway alterations contribute to viral replication.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on SARS-CoV-2 and nuclear pathways.
  • Analysis of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on specific nuclear processes.
  • Discussion of therapeutic interventions targeting identified nuclear pathways.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 induces significant alterations in nuclear translocation, innate immune responses, mRNA metabolism, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA damage response, cytoskeleton regulation, and nuclear rupture.
  • These nuclear alterations are crucial for efficient virus replication.
  • Small molecule drugs targeting these pathways are under clinical investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleus is a critical host factor for SARS-CoV-2 replication, despite the virus's cytoplasmic life cycle phase.
  • Targeting SARS-CoV-2-induced nuclear pathway alterations presents a promising therapeutic avenue for COVID-19 treatment.