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Toxic Air Pollutants and Their Effect on Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Study
Mohammad Javad Mohammadi1,2, Kourosh Zarea3, Nasser Hatamzadeh4
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Frontiers in Public Health
|July 25, 2022
Summary
Toxic air pollutants like PAHs and PM significantly increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Exposure to these harmful substances from industries and vehicles exacerbates chronic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Neuroepidemiology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with increasing incidence.
- Environmental factors, particularly air pollution, are suspected contributors to MS development.
- Understanding the link between toxic air pollutants and MS is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize existing literature on the effects of toxic air pollutants on the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To identify specific air pollutants and their sources implicated in MS development.
- To assess the synergistic role of air pollutants in chronic disease incidence.
Main Methods:
- A narrative literature review was conducted from 2000 to 2022.
- Databases searched included Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Science Direct.
- 14 full-text articles were analyzed after screening 360 retrieved articles, with 9 ultimately selected for the study.
Main Results:
- Toxic air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (HM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and gases, are linked to the development of MS.
- These pollutants also contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Major emission sources identified are industries, vehicles, power plants, and fossil fuel consumption.
Conclusions:
- Inhalation of high concentrations of toxic air pollutants is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
- Air pollution represents a significant environmental risk factor for MS.
- Mitigation of industrial and vehicular emissions is essential for reducing public health risks.
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