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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Published on: December 11, 2014

Showing and giving: from incipient to conventional forms.

Gideon Salter¹, Malinda Carpenter¹

¹School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|July 25, 2022

Summary

Infants develop communicative gestures like showing and giving gradually from early behaviors. Maternal interpretation influences the development of these crucial social interaction skills in babies.

Keywords:

development gesture giving infancy showing

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Infant Communication
Gesture Development

Background:

Understanding social interaction requires knowledge of communicative gestures.
Showing and giving are early-emerging gestures in infants.
Limited data exists on the developmental precursors to conventional infant gestures.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide data on the emergence of conventional showing and giving gestures in infants.
To investigate pre-conventional, incipient gestures in early infancy.
To explore the role of maternal interpretations in gesture development.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal assessment of 25 infants from 6 to 10 months.
Methods included elicitation procedures, free play observations, and maternal interviews.
Questionnaires were administered at 11-12 months; focus on incipient gestures.

Main Results:

Observational evidence suggests incipient gestures, present from 7 months, are communicative.
Conventional showing and giving gestures appear to emerge gradually through social interaction.
Maternal interpretations significantly influence the development of early infant behaviors.

Conclusions:

Infant communicative gestures develop through a gradual process, not abruptly.
Understanding cognitive, motor, and interactional factors is key to early gesture emergence.
Early infant behaviors and maternal input shape the development of social communication.