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Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Unexpected toroidal micelles formed from St/MMA gradient copolymers.

Chao Zheng1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P. R. China. zcphenix@163.com.

Soft Matter
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel toroidal micelles from gradient copolymers. The study reveals that specific cooling-heating procedures are crucial for forming these rare structures, unlike simple solvent mixing.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Toroidal micelles are rarely observed in gradient copolymer systems.
  • Understanding their formation is key to controlling self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the formation of massive toroidal micelles from styrene/methyl methacrylate gradient copolymers.
  • To investigate the influence of thermal treatment on micelle morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a common solvent mixing method.
  • Implemented a specific cooling-heating procedure for self-assembly.
  • Investigated morphology changes under different thermal protocols.

Main Results:

  • Massive toroidal micelles were successfully formed from styrene (St)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) gradient copolymers.
  • Spherical micelles were obtained initially via solvent mixing.
  • A cooling-heating process transformed spherical micelles into toroidal structures via vesicles.
  • A reverse heating-cooling process did not yield toroidal micelles.

Conclusions:

  • The study introduces new members to the family of toroidal micelles.
  • Demonstrates that the heat treatment procedure critically dominates the morphology of gradient copolymer micelles.
  • Reveals pathway-dependent self-assembly behavior in copolymer systems.