Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 3, 2025
09:33
A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
Published on: February 7, 2015
16.4K
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid
Engelbert A Nonterah1,2, Nigel J Crowther3, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch2,4
1Navrongo Health Research Centre Ghana Health Service Navrongo Ghana.
Journal of the American Heart Association
|July 25, 2022
Summary
Cardiovascular risk factors
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular epidemiology
- Atherosclerosis research
- Population health studies
Background:
- Major cardiovascular disease risk factors are often defined using European ancestry populations.
- There is a rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Africa with limited related data.
- Understanding ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the association of cardiovascular risk factors with carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT) across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
- To investigate ethnic variations in subclinical atherosclerosis markers.
- To inform race- and ethnicity-specific prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 34,025 individuals from 15 cohorts across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.
- Assessment of classical cardiovascular risk factors and measurement of CIMT using B-mode ultrasound.
- Meta-analysis of individual participant data to determine ethnic differences in risk factor associations with CIMT.
Main Results:
- Carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT) adjusted for risk factors was highest in African American and Asian populations, lowest in African populations.
- Age, sex, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were positively associated with CIMT across all groups, but with varying magnitudes.
- Smoking, body mass index, and glucose showed the strongest association with CIMT in Asians, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol had protective effects only in African and African American populations.
Conclusions:
- The association between cardiovascular risk factors and CIMT varies significantly across racial and ethnic groups, potentially due to lifestyle and genetic factors.
- These findings highlight the need for tailored primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.
- The substantial burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans requires further investigation.
Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiovascular disease riskcarotid intima‐media thicknessethnicityindividual participant data meta‐analysisraceMore Related Videos
06:04Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
1.0K
13:45A Method to Study the Correlation Between Local Collagen Structure and Mechanical Properties of Atherosclerotic Plaque Fibrous Tissue
Published on: November 11, 2022
2.2K
Related Concept Videos
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
51
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
51
01:30Atherosclerosis I: Introduction
71
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
71
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
31
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
31
01:27Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
71
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
71
01:27Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests
35
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
35
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
31
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
31