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William Rostène

    Biologie Aujourd'Hui
    |July 25, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    The discovery of insulin, a pancreatic extract, revolutionized diabetes treatment 100 years ago. This breakthrough enabled life-saving therapies for patients, transforming the management of diabetes mellitus.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology and metabolic diseases
    • Biomedical research

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus symptoms known since Antiquity.
    • Late 19th-century research sought pancreas's active glucose-lowering substance.
    • Previous attempts focused on pancreatic extracts in pancreatectomized dogs.

    Observation:

    • Investigators observed that pancreatic extracts could lower blood and urine glucose.
    • Polyuria in pancreatectomized dogs was decreased by these extracts.
    • Extracts were found to be life-saving for diabetic patients.

    Findings:

    • Frederick Banting, Charles Best, and James Collip isolated effective pancreatic extracts.
    • These extracts were successfully used to treat human patients with diabetes.
    • The discovery led to a Nobel Prize for Banting and MacLeod in 1923.

    Implications:

    • Insulin discovery marked a pivotal moment in medical history.
    • Led to significant scientific, industrial, and clinical advancements in diabetes care.
    • Modern diabetes management remains reliant on insulin therapy and its developments.
    Keywords:
    Nobel PrizePrix Nobelclinical developmentdiabetesdiabèteinsulininsulinepancreaspancréasretombées cliniques