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Increased Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children after COVID-19 Pandemic, England

Marta Bertran, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Carmen L Sheppard

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |July 25, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Following COVID-19 restriction easing in England, invasive pneumococcal disease rose in children under 15. Maintaining childhood vaccination is crucial for ongoing population protection against this serious bacterial infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • COVID-19 restrictions significantly altered respiratory pathogen circulation patterns.
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality.
    • Understanding IPD trends post-restriction lifting is vital for public health strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in England after the removal of COVID-19 restrictions.
    • To compare current IPD rates with historical data from the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.
    • To inform recommendations regarding childhood vaccination programs.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of IPD surveillance data in children under 15 years of age in England.
    • Data collection covered the period of July-December 2021.
    • Comparison with incidence rates from July-December 2020 and the prepandemic years 2017-2019.

    Main Results:

    • Invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in children <15 years was 1.96 per 100,000 children during July-December 2021.
    • This rate was substantially higher than in the same period of 2020 (0.7/100,000).
    • The 2021 incidence also exceeded the average rate observed in prepandemic years 2017-2019 (1.43/100,000).

    Conclusions:

    • The removal of COVID-19 restrictions in England was associated with an increase in invasive pneumococcal disease among children.
    • Sustained high childhood vaccine coverage is essential to mitigate the resurgence of IPD and protect the pediatric population.
    • Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor IPD trends and the impact of vaccination efforts.

    Keywords:
    COVID-19EnglandSARS-CoV-2United Kingdombacteriacoronavirus diseaseepidemiologic surveillanceincidenceinvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcal diseasespneumococcal vaccinesrespiratory infectionssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2vaccine-preventable diseasesviruses

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