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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Consensus-based detection of aetiologic copy number variants for syndromic orofacial clefts utilising whole exome sequencing of case parent trios.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
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Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis.

Brian J Howe1,2, Chandler Pendleton2, Miyuraj Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage2

  • 1Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Dentistry Journal
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with orofacial clefting (OFC) exhibit distinct patterns of tooth agenesis (TA). This study identified specific TA patterns more prevalent in OFC patients, aiding in understanding the condition's complex origins.

Keywords:
cleft lip and palatehypodontiamachine learningphenotype

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry and Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Orofacial clefting (OFC) is associated with a higher incidence of tooth agenesis (TA).
  • The specific patterns of TA in individuals with OFC and their etiological basis remain unclear.
  • Understanding TA patterns may offer insights into the developmental etiology of OFC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the spectrum of tooth agenesis patterns in individuals with non-syndromic OFC compared to controls.
  • To utilize the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) program for standardized pattern analysis.
  • To investigate potential differences in TA patterns based on gender or cleft type, although this was not the primary focus of the meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic meta-analysis was conducted using indexed database searches (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL), cross-referencing, and hand searches.
  • Unpublished TAC data from 914 OFC individuals and 932 controls were incorporated.
  • TAC pattern frequencies were analyzed using a random effects meta-analysis model, including 4 eligible articles (2182 OFC subjects, 3171 controls).

Main Results:

  • No TA (pattern 0.0.0.0) was observed in 51% of OFC cases versus 97% of controls.
  • Specific TAC patterns, including 0.2.0.0, 2.0.0.0, 2.2.0.0 (unilateral/bilateral missing upper laterals), and 16.0.0.0 (missing upper right second premolar), were significantly more frequent in subjects with OFC.
  • These findings indicate distinct TA patterns associated with OFC.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with OFC display unique tooth agenesis patterns.
  • Defining these specific TA patterns contributes to a better understanding of the complex etiology underlying both OFC and TA.
  • Further research into these patterns can elucidate shared developmental pathways.