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Chitosan: Sources, Processing and Modification Techniques.

Alessandro Pellis1, Georg M Guebitz2, Gibson Stephen Nyanhongo2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chitosan, derived from chitin, is a versatile biopolymer with applications in food, medicine, and industry. Understanding its source and properties, like degree of deacetylation, is key to selecting the right chitosan for specific uses.

Keywords:
chitinchitosanchitosan modificationchitosan processingdeacetylation

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Area of Science:

  • Biopolymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chitosan is a copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine, derived from chitin found in various natural sources.
  • It is a valuable raw material for diverse applications including food, medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and environmental sectors.
  • The unique properties of chitosan make it suitable for a wide range of advanced product syntheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of chitin sources and advancements in chitin extraction and conversion to chitosan.
  • To highlight the importance of inherent chitosan characteristics for specific applications.
  • To summarize methods for tailoring chitosan properties and guide researchers in material selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on chitin and chitosan.
  • Analysis of factors influencing chitosan properties, including degree of acetylation (DA) and deacetylation (DDA), and molecular weight (Mw).
  • Discussion of physicochemical and biological properties relevant to chitosan applications.

Main Results:

  • Chitin can be sourced from crustaceans, fungi, algae, and microorganisms.
  • Extraction and conversion techniques are advancing, yielding chitosan with diverse properties.
  • Degree of acetylation, deacetylation, and molecular weight significantly impact chitosan's behavior and suitability for specific applications.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan's properties are highly dependent on its source and processing.
  • Tailoring chitosan through control of DA, DDA, and Mw is crucial for optimizing its performance in various fields.
  • This review serves as a guide for researchers to select appropriate chitosan materials for their intended applications.