A Highly Mechanical, Conductive, and Cryophylactic Double Network Hydrogel for Flexible and Low-Temperature Tolerant...

Due to their stretchability, conductivity, and good biocompatibility, hydrogels have been recognized as potential materials for flexible sensors. However, it is still challenging for hydrogels to meet the conductivity, mechanical strength, and freeze-resistant requirements in practice. In this study, a chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) double network (DN) hydrogel was prepared by immersing the chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composite hydrogel into Fe₂(SO₄)₃ solution. Due to the formation of an energy-dissipative chitosan physical network, the DN hydrogel possessed excellent tensile and compression properties. Moreover, the incorporation of the inorganic salt endowed the DN hydrogel with excellent conductivity and freeze-resistance. The strain sensor prepared using this DN hydrogel displayed remarkable sensitivity and reliability in detecting stretching and bending deformations. In addition, this DN hydrogel sensor also worked well at a lower temperature (-20 °C). The highly mechanical, conductive, and freeze-resistant DN hydrogel revealed a promising application in the field of wearable devices.