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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model
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Case study: Malakoplakia of the bladder.

Nermeen Chaudhry1, Jennifer Vazzano1, Anil Parwani1

  • 1Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Richard Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder malakoplakia, a rare inflammatory condition, can mimic tumors and cause renal failure. Early diagnosis and conservative antibiotic treatment are crucial for effective management and preventing urinary obstruction.

Keywords:
BladderMalakoplakiaMichaelis-Gutmann bodies

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Area of Science:

  • Uropathology
  • Inflammatory diseases

Background:

  • Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory condition.
  • It results from impaired bacterial phagocytosis and lysosomal dysfunction.
  • Non-specific symptoms often lead to diagnostic challenges, mimicking other diseases and cancers.

Observation:

  • A case of bladder malakoplakia presented as a tumor in a 55-year-old woman with renal failure.
  • Histological examination revealed Michaelis-Gutmann bodies within macrophages.
  • Positive CD68 and Von Kossa staining confirmed the diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The bladder mass showed characteristic basophilic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.
  • Histopathology confirmed malakoplakia, distinct from malignancy.
  • The condition was associated with significant renal impairment.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis is vital to avoid unnecessary surgery for conditions mimicking malakoplakia.
  • Conservative antibiotic treatment can be effective.
  • Recognizing the impact of bladder malakoplakia on renal function, especially urinary obstruction, is critical.