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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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Gender Equity in Oceanography.

Sonya Legg1, Caixia Wang2, Ellen Kappel3

  • 1Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA;

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Summary
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Gender equity in oceanography is progressing, with women earning half of PhDs. However, further advancement is needed in publications, grants, and recognition for full participation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Gender Studies
  • Workforce Diversity

Background:

  • Gender equity is crucial for the advancement of oceanographic research and enterprise.
  • Historical and systemic barriers have impeded the full participation of all genders in oceanography.
  • Assessing the current status of gender equity is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze historical obstructions to gender equity in oceanography.
  • To evaluate recent progress and the current state of gender equity using quantitative metrics.
  • To review existing initiatives aimed at improving gender equity in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of quantitative data on participation, achievement, and recognition across genders.
  • Analysis of metrics including PhD attainment, academic employment levels, publication authorship, grant funding, and conference invitations.
  • Review of documented activities and interventions designed to promote gender equity.

Main Results:

  • Women obtain approximately 50% of oceanography PhDs globally, with increasing parity in early academic positions.
  • Despite progress, significant gender disparities persist in metrics such as first-authored publications, grant success, and leadership recognition.
  • Current initiatives show varied success, highlighting the need for sustained and comprehensive efforts.

Conclusions:

  • Continued, concerted efforts are required to achieve full gender parity in oceanography.
  • Recommendations include addressing harassment, reforming evaluation processes, and dismantling structural inequities.
  • Fostering an inclusive culture is paramount for enabling all oceanographers to thrive.