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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Regional ocean processes are critical for the global carbon budget.
  • Ocean CO2 uptake at mid-latitudes balances tropical CO2 release.
  • Marine heatwaves influence tropical CO2 release, but their impact on persistent events and sensitive areas is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the occurrence and impact of persistent marine heatwaves.
  • Analyze the effects of these heatwaves on CO2 uptake and release areas.
  • Understand the role of extreme variability in ocean carbon regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Joint analysis of reconstructions, ocean reanalysis, and in situ/satellite data (1985-2017).
  • Quantified changes in air-sea CO2 flux density during persistent marine heatwaves.
  • Focused analysis on the Pacific Ocean, including tropical and North Pacific regions.

Main Results:

  • Persistent marine heatwaves were identified in major CO2 uptake and release zones.
  • Significant changes in air-sea CO2 flux density were observed.
  • A 40% reduction in tropical CO2 release (linked to ENSO) and a 29% reduction in North Pacific CO2 uptake were found.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent marine heatwaves alter ocean CO2 flux dynamics.
  • These findings highlight the interplay between extreme climate variability and ocean carbon regulation.
  • Further research is needed to understand the evolution of these impacts under climate change.