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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multinational

Carlos Mejia-Chew1, Peggy L Carver2, Sasinuch Rutjanawech1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Older age at solid organ transplant (SOT), hospital admission, and use of antifungals or lymphocyte-specific antibodies increase the risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. Awareness of these factors is crucial for SOT patient care.

Keywords:
NTMnontuberculous mycobacteriarisk factorssolid organ transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections pose a risk to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.
  • Risk factors for NTM infections post-SOT are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe the risk factors associated with NTM infections in SOT recipients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, multinational, matched case-control study.
  • Included SOT recipients aged 12+ years diagnosed with NTM infection between 2008-2018.
  • Used logistic regression on matched pairs to analyze risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Older age at SOT, hospital admission within 90 days, and receipt of antifungals or lymphocyte-specific antibodies were significantly associated with NTM infection.
  • NTM infections were most common in kidney and lung transplant recipients.
  • Cases were older at diagnosis, more frequently on corticosteroids, and had lower lymphocyte counts.

Conclusions:

  • Older age at SOT, prior hospital admission, and specific medications (antifungals, lymphocyte-specific antibodies) are key risk factors for NTM infection.
  • Clinicians should consider NTM infection in SOT patients presenting with these risk factors.